Bearing capacity of shallow foundations under blast Loading depends on various factors such as the severity of the explosion, buried depth of the foundation and its materials, but comprehensive study hasn’t been done on the impact of these factors on the bearing capacity of this kind of foundations. The method of calculating bearing capacity of foundations under blast Loading follows that after applying initial stress due to the soil gravity, during different Loading in each step, the foundation will be placed by uniform stress. After analysis of the model in the static mode, the model will be analyzed under the blast Loading again, and then the average settlement of points below the foundation is calculated. This procedure is performed for various stress levels and finally the settlement-stress graphs are plotted.This stress increasing continues until the soil failed under the blast Loading. Then bearing capacity of the foundation under the blast Loading is estimated by the cross-tangent method on the settlement-stress graph. The results indicate reduction of the bearing capacity and the asymmetrical settlement of the foundation under blast Loading. Also under the blast Loading like the static condition, bearing capacity is increased by increasing the buried depth.

H-type reinforced concrete poles are nowadays widely used as an economical and cost-effective substitute for wooden poles in power transmission lines. Although these poles are frequently subjected to biaxial Loading in real field application, their biaxial interaction curves yet await detailed investigation. The current study was aimed at developing the biaxial bending interaction curves for H-type utility poles considering the measurements stipulated by the relevant standards and codes. Towards this, two commonly used H-type electric poles (i.e., 9 and 12 m ones with a normal strength of 400 kgF) were constructed, cured, and loaded at angles of 0, 30, 60, and 90 degrees with respect to their minor principal axes. The experimental results were described in terms of load-displacement curves, developed strains, cracking pattern, failure modes, and biaxial Loading interaction curve. The obtained interaction diagrams can be reliably used to estimate the Loading capacity of electric poles under biaxial Loading in real field applications.

Hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia for cesarean section is still a clinical problem. The role of crystalloid preLoading to prevent hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia in parturients during cesarean section has been challenged. However, studies with crystalloids predict that fluid Loading should be more efficacious if administered immediately after induction of spinal anesthesia. The effects of colloid Loading after spinal anesthesia in cesarean section have not been studied enough. The aim of this study was to compare pre and co-Loading of hetastarch for the prevention of hypotension following spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed in 112 parturients (ASA I or II) undergoing elective cesarean section. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups to receive rapid infusion of 500 ml of 6% hydroxyethylstarch (HES) before spinal anesthesia (preLoading group, n=56), or rapid infusion of 500 ml of HES after induction of spinal anesthesia (co-Loading group, n=56). The incidence of hypotension and the amount of vasopressor, (ephedrine 5 mg/mL+phenylephrine 25 micg/mL) were compared in the treatment of hypotension.Results: There was no significant difference in hypotension between the two groups (P=0.58). The preLoading group used 2.2±1 ml of vasopressor mixture compared with 1.7±0.7 ml in the co-Loading group (P=0.04) and the difference was significant.Conclusion: Colloid Loading after induction of spinal anesthesia is as effective as preLoading in reducing hypotension in cesarean section.

This study provides an equation of bearing capacity for a rectangular footing placed on dense sand overlying loose sand and subjected to inclined concentric Loading using the limit equilibrium followed by projected area method. The parameters varied were thickness ratio (0. 00 to 2. 00) of the upper dense sand layer, embedment ratio (0 to 2), friction angle of upper dense (41° to 46°) sand and lower loose (31° to 36°) sand layer, and applied load inclination (0° to 30°) for the parametric study. The highest and lowest increase in the bearing capacity were observed for a friction angle combination of 46°-36° and 41°-31°, respectively, at different thickness ratios. The bearing capacity obtained from the proposed equation was approximately 4. 97 and 10. 5 times its initial value at embedment ratios of 1 and 2, respectively. Bearing capacity was reduced by 20. 55%, 54. 58% and 87. 90% for load inclinations of 5°, 15°, and 30° for friction angles of upper dense and lower loose sand layer combinations of 46° and 36° and at a thickness ratio of 2. The bearing capacity obtained from the proposed equation decreased by 99. 89%, 66. 04%, and 61. 5% as the load inclination increased from 0° to 30° for embedment ratios of 0, 1, and 2. With respect to finite element results, the average deviation of the bearing capacity obtained from the proposed equation at embedment ratios 0, 1, and 2 was 14. 56%, 18. 71% and 23. 56%, respectively. The proposed bearing capacity equation produced results that were consistent with those reported in the literature, with an average deviation of 10. 71%.

The lack of Quranic approaches in the production of Quran-based humanities is still felt, despite the predominance of the philosophical approach in critical approaches to modern humanities, which has become very common in the Islamic world and in Iran for several decades. It seems that the capacity of the method of thematic exegesis (al-Tafsīr al-mawdū'ī, Arabic: التفسیر الموضوعیّ) in this regard, can be used to bring the Holy Quran into the field of humanities. Thematic exegesis, according to whether its subject is inside or outside the Qur'an, has several functions in criticizing the structure of modern knowledge and scientific research, as well as the production of Islamic humanities. It is possible to make use of thematic exegesis of the inside of the Holy Book of Quran in order to “fundamental criticism” of the general fundamentals of humanities -the fundamentals of epistemology, axiology, ontology and anthropology- and it is also possible to use thematic exegesis for constructing and producing foundation of humanities obtained from the Holy Quran. It is used by thematic interpretation exegesis of the outside of the Holy Book of Quran -such as Shahīd (martyr) Sadr’s interrogational approach- to answer the problems of humanities and this process faces challenges such as the complexity and multiplicity of the “subject” of the humanities that exist in modern terminology of this field. It can be used in order to solve this issue in some cases to know the process of the change of the components of the modern of the conceptual history’s approach and also by analyzing the issue into several components can be shown that the components are not necessarily a product of the modern era and can be followed up in the Holy Quran and can be found up in the Holy Quran. The perspective of the Holy Quran, after that, regarding the modern subject in the desired field by the “combining” of the results obtained based on the thematic interpretation.

Nowadays, civil engineers are looking for novel approaches to develop structural performance and the speed of building construction simultaneously. One of these approaches is using of rectangular spiral stirrups instead of traditional stirrups in manufacturing of RC beams. Based on recent experimental studies, these beams have shown some advantages in performance when compared with beams reinforced by traditional stirrups and in some cases, the results were much better. In this study, at the first stage, two types of RC beams with rectangular spiral stirrup and traditional stirrups were simulated in the ABAQUS software and verified under monotonic Loading. The shear capacity was measured and based on the experimental force-displacement curves, validation was performed. Then, at the second phase of this research, another RC beam with traditional stirrups was simulated and was verified against push-over curves and force-displacement of monotonic Loading and failure mode obtained from an experimental study. A cyclic Loading was applied to the beams with continuous rectangular spiral and traditional stirrups. Then, the performance of those simulations was compared by envelop strength curves. But in the cyclic Loading phase, in most cases, the performance of beams with these two transverse reinforcement methods is equivalent and in some cases, the traditional one has shown even better results.

Due to the numerous advantages of Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) as a kind of composite columns over the reinforced concrete and steel columns, its use has been widespread in recent years, especially in high-rise buildings. In these columns, due to the presence of steel profiles in the reinforced concrete, the buckling of the steel components is delayed or does not occur, which would significantly increase the bearing capacity of the cross-section. In this research, a numerical study was carried out with the aid of ABAQUS software to investigate some of the factors affecting the load capacity of SRC columns under eccentric Loading. A finite element model was validated based on experimental results. A total of 39 SRC columns were analyzed for parametric study. Geometric and material variables such as steel ratio, slenderness column ratio, eccentric Loading ratio, compressive strength, and stirrup spacing were evaluated on the bearing capacity of the SRC columns. Also, based on the calculated values, the axial and lateral load-displacement as well as axial load-bending moment curves were plotted. The results showed that with increase in the steel ratio and the reduction of the distance between the stirrups, the ductility index increased, while with the reduction of the distance between the stirrups, the bearing capacity of the column increased slightly. Moreover, with the increase of the eccentricity, the bearing capacity of the columns was significantly reduced and the slope of the descending branch of lateral load-displacement decreased gradually. Moreover, if the column was less slender, the axial load-displacement curve would have a greater initial slope and with increasing slenderness, the lateral load-displacement would have more nonlinear behavior due to increased second-order deformation. In addition, the axial load and stiffness of the composite column were significantly affected by the concrete compressive strength. The results also indicated that with increasing the eccentricity, the bearing capacity of the composite columns was reduced.